The heart is a muscle like any other in the body. Roads to oxygen-rich blood so it can contract and pump blood to the rest of the body. Lack of oxygen flow to a muscle, its function begins to suffer. Block oxygen completely, and the muscle begins to die.#Heart muscle gets the blood flow in the arteries originating from the aorta just outside the heart.
#The coronary arteries run on the surface of the heart and blood supply rich in oxygen to the heart muscle.
#The right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle of the heart and inferior (lower) part of the left ventricle.
#The anterior coronary artery provides most of the left ventricle, while the circumflex artery supplies the back of the left ventricle.
#The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and pumps left the rest of the body.
Heart Attack Causes
Over time, plaque can accumulate on the course of an artery and closes the channel through which blood flows. The board consists of the accumulation of cholesterol and, possibly, may calcify or lime to harden. If the artery is too narrow, it can not deliver enough blood to the heart muscle when it is stressed. Like muscles arms begin to hurt, or when things are heavy lift, or leg pain that if you move too fast, the heart muscle is bad if it does not hurt an adequate blood supply. This pain or pain called angina pectoris. It is important that angina may occur in different ways to know and not always be experienced as chest pain.
In the case of plaque rupture, a clot can form in small blood vessels, like a dam that blocks the acute blood flow than the clot. When this part of the heart the blood supply completely lose the muscle dies. This is called a heart attack or myocardial infarction – myocardial infarction (myo = muscle + = MI = cardiac death due to lack of oxygen).
Risk factors for heart attack
Heart attack is usually caused by a narrowing of the arteries by cholesterol plaque and the subsequent break-up. This is known as coronary heart disease (AHSD) or coronary artery disease (CAD).
Risk factors for Ashden are the same as for a stroke (cerebrovascular disease) or peripheral arterial disease. These risk factors include:-family history or heredity,
-cigarettes,
-hypertension,
-high cholesterol, and
-diabetes.
Although genetics is beyond the control of a person, all other risk factors are minimized in an attempt to develop cardiovascular disease prevention. As atherosclerosis (atherosclerotic plaque = + = sclerosis hardening fat) is already present, to minimize this risk may decrease further reduced.
Heart With Muscle Damage and a Blocked Artery
Non-coronary artery disease causes a heart attack can also occur. Examples include:
The use of cocaine. This medication can cause coronary arteries to go into spasm enough to cause a heart attack. Because of the irritating effect on the electrical system of the heart, cocaine can also cause fatal heart arrhythmias.Prinzmetal angina or coronary spasm. The coronary arteries can go into spasm and angina pectoris, for without specific cause, this is called Prinzmetal angina pectoris. No changes in ECG associated with this situation, and the diagnosis is made by cardiac catheterization showed normal coronary arteries that go into spasm when contesting a drug injected into the cath lab. Approximately 2% to 3% of patients with cardiovascular disease are coronary artery spasm.
Abnormal coronary arteries. In normal coronary arteries on the surface of the heart. Occasionally, during a portion of the artery can dive into the heart muscle itself. When the heart muscle contracts, it can temporarily bend the artery and causes angina pectoris. Again, the diagnosis by cardiac catheterization.
The lack of oxygen. Like any other muscle, heart muscle requires oxygen supply sufficient for it to work. If it is not enough supply of oxygen, angina and heart attack can occur. There should be enough red blood cells circulating in the body of lung function and sufficient oxygen in the air, so the heart cells can be supplied with the nutrients they need. The profound anemia bleeding or failure of the body make enough red blood cells may cause symptoms of angina. The lack of oxygen in the blood can occur due to a variety of causes including respiratory failure, carbon monoxide poisoning or cyanide poisoning.
Heart attack symptoms and signs
The classic symptoms of a heart attack include:
-chest pain associated with shortness of breath
-excessive sweating, and
-nausea.
Chest pain can be described as tightness, fullness, pressure or pain.
Unfortunately, many people do not have the classic signs. Other signs and symptoms of a heart attack include:
-indigestion;
-jaw pain,
-only pain in the shoulders or arms,
-shortness of breath, or
-nausea and vomiting.
This list is not complete, because often people can experience a mild heart attack symptoms. Among women and the elderly, heart attack symptoms may be atypical and sometimes so vague that it is easily overlooked. The only complaint is extreme weakness or fatigue.
Pain may also radiate from the chest to the neck, jaw, shoulder or back and are associated with shortness of breath, nausea and sweating.
Medical History
Important questions include:
-When did the pain start?
-What were you doing?
-Did you have to stop?
-Did the pain get better with rest?
-Did the pain come back with activity?
-Did the pain stay in your chest or did it move somewhere else, like the jaw, teeth, arm or back?
-Did you get short of breath?
-Did you become nauseous?
-Were you sweating profusely?
The medical history also includes assessing risk factors for heart disease, including:
-smoking
-hypertension or high blood pressure,
-high cholesterol
-diabetes
-previous history of other blood vessel problems such as stroke or peripheral vascular disease, and/or
-a family history of heart disease, especially at an early age.
The questions may try to distinguish between stable angina and unstable angina. Stable angina tends to be predictable. For example, it may occur after climbing a flight of stairs or walking a couple of blocks and then resolves quickly with rest. Unstable angina may occur without warning when the body is at rest and the heart is not stressed, for example while sitting or sleeping.
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